Cultural Appropriation Has Been A Major Issue Of Interest

CULTURAL APPROPRIATATION Since time immemorial cultural appropriation has been a major issue of interest to the extent it is discussed and analyzed using different opinions by people. Cultural appropriation entails the use or adoption of another culture’s elements either by an individual or group of people. It has been customary among the people in the world who lend and borrow each other’s cultures which has continued for long since the human society began(Sanders 46). Controversies might arise in cases when the elements of a minority culture are borrowed by the groups or individuals from the majority culture. Such actions are seen as inappropriate copying of the rights or identity of another culture. In such scenarios,culture elements would be said to have been adopted using the colonial manner. The failure to use the elements within the original context of a given culture is termed as wrong culture misappropriation. In most times, when cultural misappropriation tak es place there is distortion of elements which can also be lost. The subordination of the cultural elements by the majority culture would involve the social,economic or the political aspect.Then dominant or majority culture might adopt the elements of a different culture and brand it as fashion. On the other hand, a different perspective and view is used to determine the necessity of cultural appropriation and how it has continuously been adopted by different cultures all over the world (Matthes 65). ManyShow MoreRelatedMass Marketing and Cultural Appropriation Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"cultural appropriation† is vaguely known in today’s society. That is a major contradiction due to the fact that, many people are perpetrators of it. The definition of cultural appropriation is, taking an aspect of a different culture, particularly one of a lower social class, and degrading it, devaluing its importance (â€Å"What Is Culture Appropriation, Anyway?†). It’s important to understand and acknowledge the ex istence of cultural appropriation, while educating people on the correct waysRead MoreFunding Of The Bureau Of Investigations Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities to which the said funds have been applied. There are many activities that form part of the work of the FBI. However, this analysis shall consider at least three major activities to which these funds are applied. It shall also be the aim of this paper to analyze the possible impact of the withdrawal of such funds. Ultimately, there shall be a discussion of the influence of politics and policy considerations on the funding of the FBI. Source of Funding. The major source of funding for the FBI comesRead MoreCultural Appropriation And Animal Abuse At Events Essay2111 Words   |  9 Pagescritically analyse and discuss contemporary issues within the events industry. The first discussion looks at ethics and events and delves more specifically into cultural appropriation and animal abuse at events. Within this the steps the event industry has taken in order act more ethically and further steps that need to be taken are examined The second discussion looks at authenticity in events as a social-cultural impact. It examines the effect authenticity has on expenditure at events and how stagedRead MoreImprovements In Traditions : Camp Tahquitz1613 Words   |  7 PagesImprovements in Traditions Camp Tahquitz has observed the passage of traditions from generation to generation. Traditions involve what can be physically seen, but also the unspoken. Eventually, the group involved will follow the traditions out of cooperation and respect. When the term â€Å"tradition† is involved in organizations we immediately assume that what characterizes tradition in an organization is ideals and beliefs from past generations which are sometimes presumed outdated (Finnegan, 1991Read MoreWhat Was The Most Import Thing On The Reading?956 Words   |  4 Pagesmay have had a student that has come from a battered or divorce situation and one parent may not even know that the student is enrolled in the school and records or identification are only on a need to know bases. What was something you Agree/Apply with in the reading? â€Å"Agree: ((Schloss, P. J., Cragg, K. M., 2013) stated that institutional culture and organization play an important role in the structure and process of student governance opportunities. Cultural norms for individual campusesRead MorePlagiarism And The Culture Of Multilingual Students1560 Words   |  7 PagesConcerning the issue of how the cultural conditioning plays in the regard of plagiarism, I will be analyzing Plagiarism and the culture of multilingual students in higher education abroad by Colin Sowden alongside with Plagiarism in ESOL students: Is cultural conditioning truly the major culprit? by Dilin Liu. Plagiarism in writing, which could be defined as borrowing a creator’s original ideas and/or words without attributing credits where it’s due, is considered a big concern in higher-educationRead MoreThe Bonneville Power Administration ( Bpa ) Service Territory2001 Words   |  9 PagesPacific Northwest. In 1937, BPA was established to construct facilities required to market and transmit electric power from the Bonneville Dam located on the Columbia River and to construct facilities necessary to transmit that power. BPAs mandate has been expanded to be the marketing agent for power from all of the federally owned hydroelectric projects in the Pacific Northwest, as one of four regional Federal power marketing agencies within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATIONRead MoreThe Collection Of Artefacts And Material Culture And Design1877 Words   |  8 PagesVSAR 3017 Indigenous Art, Culture and Design Journal Lecture: August 15, 2014 The collection of artefacts and material culture of Aboriginal people have not always been understood and referred to as art. In a way, museums and avid institutions in the nineteenth century have been seen as institutions of control, ordering and organising knowledge about people and put them inside a particular framework in order for them to be understood. Images and tools and practices haveRead MoreDigital Technology on the Media Industry1499 Words   |  6 Pageshave been forced to alter their methods of production; to counteract the increased fickleness of music audiences, whose tastes are ever-changing and seek instant gratification. The evolution of the music industry has been acutely influenced by the developments in technology. It could be argued that technology has been a significant challenge for style of cultural production, the economic relationships within these, and of course... the law. In addition, whilst piracy has always been an issue, theRead MoreThe Copyright Clause Of The State Of Washington Should Change Copyright Policy Of Remixing1462 Words   |  6 Pages The Supreme Court has tried to explain that the Copyright Clause of the Constitution was intended to establish independent, entrepreneurial, self-sustaining authorship and publishing as the means of serving the public interest in securing the production of valuable literary and scientific works. To that one must ask what are the consequences of remix? When I think about it remixing has left a positive and inferior aspect of life for many people. When people are able to steal or copy the work of

Tuskegee Case Study - 1743 Words

Introduction The Tuskegee Syphilis experiment was an unethical scientific study funded by the US Public Health Service that was performed on African American men in Macon County, Alabama that took place from 1932- 1972. The purpose of this experiment was to study the progress of untreated syphilis in African American men; a total of â€Å"600 black men – 399 with syphilis, 201 who did not have the disease.† (U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, 2013) The study was conducted under false pretenses, in that the scientist lied to the patients saying they were being treated for â€Å"Bad Blood† while being provided a placebo. In 1945 penicillin was discovered to be an adequate treatment for syphilis, and everyone who could get†¦show more content†¦This provides a guideline that ensures that researchers minimize the amount of risk a study may impose to a participant. When planning a study, it is also important that each of the participants ar e provided with a sense of security and not placed at a disadvantage. When participants enter into a study, a level of trust is established, and their identities and the information they provide must be protected and never be used against them or exploited for any reason. Respect for human dignity includes two rights; the right to self-determination and the right to full disclosure. When conducting a research study these two rights must be maintained to ensure that the participants are not coerced into participation and that they are making the choice of their own free will. Patients must be provided with all the information necessary to make an informed decision and voluntarily participate. No deception or concealed data collection can be done because it will violate the patients’ rights. Justice represents two rights; the right to fair treatment and the right to privacy. The right to fair treatment consists of being treated in a nonjudgmental, nonprejudiced manner and with respect. Those that do not complete the experiment cannot be denied treatment that may be established from the information gathered, nor can they be denied treatment if they seek outside treatment. The right to privacy provides limits that â€Å"their research is not more intrusive than it needs to be, thatShow MoreRelatedRacism and Research the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study | | This essay examines the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, wherein for 40 years (1932-1972) hundreds of black men suffering from advanced syphilis were studied but not treated. The 40-year study was controversial for reasons related to ethical standards; primarily because researchers knowingly failed to treat patients appropriately after the 1940s validation of penicillin as an effective cure for the disease they were studying. To explore the role of the racismRead MoreEthical Issues in Modern Medicine1094 Words   |  4 Pagessyphilis experiment and the Tuskegee experiment both were two unique experiments. Recently, the United States apologized last year for the experiment, done in Tuskegee which was meant to test the drug penicillin. However, Two years before that, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius made an apology for the experiment conducted in Guatemala. With that said, the researcher rejects the case that a utilitarian could make the case that the Guatemalan syphil is study was more ethically defensibleRead MoreThe Tuskegee s Tuskegee Experiment986 Words   |  4 Pages The Tuskegee Experiment, is one of the most well known blunders of United States medical research in the 20th century. Not only was it entirely unethical and inhumane, but it also highlighted the problems of racism and inequality in the medical world and the entire country at that time. By examining and reviewing the history, consequences, racism, results, and conclusion of the Tuskegee Experiment, it can perhaps shed some light on the barbaric events that transpired throughout the research. AsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tuskegee Experiment898 Words   |  4 PagesPrevention, the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was conducted in 1932 by the Public Health, which included 600 black men as their test subjects. Of the 600 men, 399 had syphilis and 201 didn’t (CDC). The men were told that they were being treated for â€Å"Bad Blood† and didn’t have any knowledge of being included in a study (CDC). In exchange for their services, researchers offered the men free medical exams, burial insurance, and free meals (CDC). The study was called â€Å" The Tuskegee Study of Untreated SyphilisRead MoreTuskegee : Turmoil And Torture1733 Words   |  7 Pages12/12/2015 Tuskegee: Turmoil and Torture The Tuskegee study is one of the most useful situations when examining ethical decisions in science. Most useful because of the unethical decisions made and the justifications for them. The study spanned several decades and many decisions throughout can be examined with an ethical approach. The Tuskegee study was focused on patients who had contracted the disease syphilis. Syphilis at the time may have been the perfect enabler of this ethical case. SyphilisRead MoreRacism And Research : The Tuskegee Syphilis Study1294 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and Research: the Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study In the article Racism and Research: the Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, by Allen M. Brandt, he discusses a few mains point. The main points of the article is Racism and Medical Opinions, the origins of the experiment, how they selected the subjects, and the HEW final report. In the first point, Racism and Medical Opinions, many of the scientist believed that even with all the â€Å"education or philanthropy† the black Americans can’t beRead MoreDeadly Deception Documentary Film1145 Words   |  5 PagesShould people be given the right to informed consent if the research could result in possible harm? Is human experimentation in light of the Tuskegee study justified? These are just some of the questions that arose during the presentation of the film Deadly Deception. This film featured the government sponsored Tuskegee experiment and documents this forty year study of untreated syphilis in the black males of Macon County, Alabama. This review will examine the film Deadly Deception in light of the appropriatenessRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Tuskegee Study1665 Words   |  7 PagesEthical principles were established to help protect the human population from being unlawfully treated when involved in any type of treatment, research study, or medical decision-making. Miss Evers’ Boys provide examples, to how ethical principles were neglected to be used throughout the study. The Tuskegee study lasted a brutal 40 years and ethical principles where pushed aside, to obtain the evolution of syphilis in African American males. Anyone who is involved in some type of medical treatmentRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study Is Still Alive1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study is Still Alive Cells that live and multiply forever were harvested and cultured from a black woman named Henrietta Lacks. Many people made a profit off of her cells, and she nor her family knew anything about it. â€Å"Black scientists and technicians, many of them women, used cells from a black woman to help save the lives of millions of Americans, most of them white. And they did so on the same campus- and at the very same time- that state officials were conducting the infamousRead MoreEssay on tuskegee syphilis study1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study was an unethical prospective study based on the differences between white and black males that began in the 1930’s. This study involved the mistreatment of black males and their families in an experimental study of the effects of untreated syphilis. With very little knowledge of the study or the disease by participants, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study can be seen as one of the worst forms of injustices in the United States hi story. Even though one could argue that the study

Sociology Families Free Essays

Soci 1002 Presentation Is this really true, are afro-Caribbean families dysfunctional. In addressing this point, I will examine the sociology theorist Michael Garfield smith. Smith believed that European family’s norms and values are important in one way or another to the assimilation process and plays a major role in the afro- Caribbean families. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology Families or any similar topic only for you Order Now He argued that the plantation destroyed African culture and he saw the plantation as the basis on which the Caribbean family structure was formed. Smith had no doubt that the experience of previous generations on plantation has no doubt influenced the way in which subsequent generations were socialized, but he argues that over time families adjust to the present social conditions. European family norms was based mainly the nuclear family, but for afro-caribbean families there are several other types of families. These other types of afro- Caribbean families should be viewed as dysfunctional because it is not of what the European family norms consist of. The other types of afro-caribbean family structures are: The matrifocal family- The emergence and functioning of African slave  families was adverse to the objectives of the plantation. Family units of the slaves were very often  broken up  and males were often sold to other plantations far away while the mother and her child  were left to survive as a  unit. On the other hand, there are other factors, however, which contributed to matrifocality in the contemporary Car ibbean. These include migration, imprisonment of males, crime, and male marginalization. On  the issue of male marginalization; the male on the plantation could not own property and had no family rights. Hence the marginalization of the male in the Afro-Caribbean family started on the plantation and was further influenced by the aforementioned factors in the  modern era. * The visiting union- This is a frequent occurrence in the Caribbean it is domestic unit of a woman and her children. Here the mother and her children live apart of the father but may be visited but may be visited by a mann which the mother shares a relationship with. * The common law unit- Similar to the nuclear family, however it is an ongoing bond that without legal marriage. Here the spouses are committed to each other sexually and raise children in a stable relationship. How to cite Sociology Families, Papers

Family and Gerald Croft Essay Example For Students

Family and Gerald Croft Essay An inspector calls is a moral play about the Birling family and their guest Gerald Croft who are having dinner in celebration of the engagement of Sheila Birling and Gerald Croft. They are all happy and gleeful until they are suddenly interrupted by an inspector who is investigating the death of a girl named Eva Smith. The play slowly progresses from ignorance to knowledge as the inspector slowly unravels the involvement of each member of the family to the girls suicide. Time, place and action are significant factors of the structure of the play. Priestley highlights the significance of time and the consequences of peoples actions by using well known references to events in history such as the sinking of the Titanic and the world wars. He cleverly sets the play before the Second World War yet he wrote it after the Second World War. By doing this it enabled him to put forward his socialist views of social responsibility and use examples of horrors the world faced due to ignorance of social responsibility and selfishness to help influence the audiences opinions and views. The play is set in the Birlings living room and this setting is continuos throughout the play. We will write a custom essay on Family and Gerald Croft specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This may be because Priestley wants people to focus on the moral behind the story rather than the fancy stage setting and props. The play starts out as a straightforward detective thriller with the audience trying to find out who was responsible for the death of Eva Smith yet as the story unravels, the story focuses on the morality of each of the characters actions and the effect these actions had on Eva Smith. By doing this Priestley highlights the importance of these actions and conveys a powerful message of morality. As a director I would start the play with darkness everywhere whilst the curtains are being pulled apart. Then I would have a blinding white light shone on the chandelier hanging from the ceiling of the stage. At the exact moment that the light is seen, I would have a piece of soothing music played slowly getting louder and louder. As the audience watch the hypnotising motion of the light playing with the crystals of the chandelier, I would change the colour of the light to a sky blue creating a peaceful mood. This would allow the audience to relax and get into the mood of the play as they watch the chandelier flinging rectangular shapes onto their faces. I would then have the light slowly spread across the stage revealing the interior of a house with good solid furniture of the period. As the light is spreading, I would have the music increase in speed and volume, finally coming to a climax when the table is revealed. Around the table are five figures who are engulfed in shadows despite being around a table, which is filled with light. I would then have the music suddenly stop with a loud unnerving bang making the audience jumpy and a little scared. I would then have a spotlight slowly crawl its way from the table to the end of the stage in an eerie silence, as a figure at the end of the stage becomes apparent. Just as the spotlight reaches the figure I would have it stop for a couple of seconds bringing the audience to the edges of their seats as they become anxious to know who the figure is. Then the light would slowly creep up from the figures legs to the figures face revealing to the audience Edna the maid dressed in a black dress with a white pinafore and carrying a tray. I would have the spotlight stay on Edna as she stands at the end of the stage for a couple of seconds. Then as Edna walks towards the table, the spotlight would follow her and with every step that Edna takes, the brighter the light would become on the table slowly revealing to the audience the Birling family and Gerald Croft sitting around the table. The Birling family and Gerald Croft should look like their in deep conversations as they murmur and laugh which is then interrupted by Ednas appearance. .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef , .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .postImageUrl , .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef , .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef:hover , .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef:visited , .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef:active { border:0!important; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef:active , .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc9d093dc317724d02b59e703df0c8ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Family Values EssayI would stage the opening act with a naturalistic tone to set the idea of comfort and satisfaction that the Birling family and Gerald Croft are feeling. Tone and lighting play an important part in expressing the plays themes and tensions, as there is no change in scene. Therefore a lot more effort has to put into keeping the audiences attentions and the tone and lighting play a vital role in doing this. Priestley specifies that the living room in which the play is set is a fairly large suburban house, which has good, solid furniture of the period. Despite this the home produces a comfortable but not quite cosy effect. In the opening act I would follow Priestleys specifications and have lighting of a pink/red colour producing an effect of happiness and the portraying the rose tinted mood the family and guest are feeling. This rose-tinted mood is then interrupted when the inspector calls rather unexpectedly. This should be represented by the lighting, which should become a lot harsher and brighter to portray the surprise and alarm felt, by the Birling family. Also this use of intense bright light could portray that the Birlings and Gerald Croft are being put under the spotlight. In the opening scene the Birlings and their guest Gerald Croft are seated at the dining table. They have just finished their dinner and are having their plates cleared by Edna the parlour maid. Priestley chooses to mention that Edna is clearing the table which has no cloth perhaps because he wants to hint at the fact that the Birlings despite seeming high class arent really as shown by their lack of breeding i. e. no table cloth. All five characters are said to be in the evening dress of the time with the men being in white ties and tails. Priestley describes Mr Birling as a portly pretentious man in his mid fifties with average manners and rather provincial in his speech meaning that despite all the money, Mr Birlings class can be sensed by his accent. Mrs Birling is described as a cold woman who is her husbands social superior. Sheila Birling is in her early twenties and is summarised as a pretty girl who is pleased and excited. Eric on the other hand is said to half- shy and half-nervous leaving us to think that he is rather troubled. Gerald who is Sheilas fiance is described as a thirty-year-old well bred young man about town. The play begins with Mr Birling instructing Edna to get some port, this is nothing strange in itself except that Mr Birling seems to be trying to impress Gerald by stating that it is the same your father gets. This can be emphasised by Mr Birling saying it in an eager tone that seeks approval from Gerald. Gerald doesnt really know much about port and admits to this, which makes Sheila join in by stating in a matter of fact voice I should jolly well think not Gerald, I should hate for you to know all about port like one of these purple faced old men. Mr Birling would then reply here, Im not a purple faced old man. I would direct this piece of dialogue to be acted out playfully in a joyous voice expressing the rapture the family and Gerald are feeling. I would probably ask Sheila to say her words in a matter of fact voice, which hints at her naiveti. Mr Birling would also speak in a mock defensive yet still cheerful voice. This piece of dialogue is vital as it shows that before the inspectors arrival the family, were blissful in their ignorance of Eva Smiths existence. This would change after the arrival of the inspector.

Statement of Intention Essay Example

Statement of Intention Essay STATEMENT OF INTENTION. Danny Cronyn. The following persuasive piece will be written in the form of a speech to be presented at a school assembly. Addressing the prompt we conform to stereotypes and expectations far more than we think this speech will investigate the colossal impact that societal expectations and stereotypical norms have on a person’s identity and show the true extent to which we subconsciously conform to them. My speech contends that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals. The purpose of my speech is to illustrate how conforming to stereotypes and societal expectations can have a homogenising effect on identity and restrict our capacity to be individuals. I wish to show to my audience how the innate human need to belong is so strong that we subconsciously conform in order to feel a sense of connection and how external factors such as societal norms, stereotypes, rituals and traditions can be defining factors of our identities, even if we do not realise just how much. This will be done through using examples of these factors to which we intuitively conform, such as being clothed, getting presents on Christmas, girls shaving their legs and not picking our nose or farting in public. These examples of things to which we conform to without questioning will display to the audience the magnitude of influence that stereotypes and expectations have on our identity. Writing in the form of a persuasive speech was the best method of communicating my purpose and contention (that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals) to the audience as I am able to use expressive skills such as voice and facial gesture to strengthen and support my arguments and am also able to physically see the audience’s reaction to my piece. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Intention specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Intention specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Intention specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The use of a questioning tone and concerned and confused facial gestures will act as visual and physical representations of the tone of my piece and through this, I will push the audience to question their way of life and drive them to see the conformity and error of their homogonised identities. By performing my speech to a live audience, I will be able to play off of audience reaction and cater my tone and intensity according to their mood and response to the issue. My concerned, questioning and confused tone will reflect the way I feel about conformist lifestyle and my strong-worded and assuring language (must, indubitably, alarmed) will push the audience to believe that I have a well developed and highly thought out contention and assure them that being a non-conformist individual is the best way to live their lives. Through contrasting the benefits of uniqueness and individuality with the restricting aspects of conformist living, and along with my strong-worded arguments, I anticipate that the audience will side with me in believing that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals. I have aimed my speech at the ‘common man’ because the everyday person – bland, boring, conformist and easily persuaded – is the perfect candidate for my speech, which will hopefully push them to question their conformity and to embrace their individual identities. It is aimed at them because I believe that these people are blissfully unaware of how their standardised and ‘by-the-book’ lifestyles are negatively impacting on their lives. I wish to show them how embracing individuality could greatly improve the way they feel about themselves and the way in which they live their day-to-day lives. Meaning and my central idea will be conveyed through these contrasting lifestyles and through highlighting the homogenising effect that conforming to stereotypes and expectations has on our individuality and identity. My central idea and contention that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals was inspired by the collection of poems Sometimes Gladness by Bruce Dawe, in hich it is proposed that belonging to society shapes our identity, but in doing so, also has a homogenising effect and that the rituals and traditions of the society of which we are a part, also shape us. I agree with this idea and believe that being conformist and homogenised beings is a negative thing, that we don’t question societal norms, expectations and stereotypes nearly enough, we merely accept them without even considering the possibility that th ey could be wrong and that rituals and traditions of our culture shape us more than we notice. These key ideas (‘belonging to society shapes our identity, but in doing so, also has a homogenising effect’ and ‘the rituals and traditions of the society of which we are a part shape us’), which are presented in the poems â€Å"Enter Without So Much As Knocking† and â€Å"Condolences of the Season† are the concepts which influences my central idea that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals. In the poem â€Å"Enter Without So Much AS Knocking† the idea that belonging to society shapes our identity, but also has a homogenising effect is explored through showing the life cycle of a person from birth to death and how he conformed to societal norms his entire life. Through showing how we conform to day-to-day commands and norms such as â€Å"WALK. DON’T WALK. TURN LEFT†¦NO BREATHING EXCEPT BY ORDER. BEWARE OF THIS. WATCH OUT FOR THAT†, Dawe shows the homogenising effect that conformist lifestyle has on people and the ways in which they conform to stereotypes and expectations far more than we realise. In â€Å"Condolences of the Season† Bruce Dawe shows how our identity is like a kit, a puzzle to be put together. He shows the ways in which rituals, family and other external factors shape our identity through showing generations of a family pointing our similarities in a small child at a family gathering. These features will be reflected in my speech when I talk about how external factors such as family traditions and rituals (presents on Christmas) and societal expectations (wearing clothing) influence our identity greatly, sometimes without us even realising. The structural element of beginning and ending a piece with a near identical statement which is shown in â€Å"Enter Without So Much AS Knocking† and Soliloquy For One Dead† will be reflected in my piece by beginning and ending my speech with my contention (we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals) to show a distinct beginning and ending to my piece and also to reinforce the contention. I want my contention to be the first thing that the audience hears when they come in and the last thing they hear when they leave so that it stick in their mind and is someth ing they are forever considering. Another structural element from Dawe’s poems that I will include is metaphor. Metaphor is shown in â€Å"The Tackle Box† through the use of a hook to be symbolic of/a metaphor for the pain that a father inflicted on his family. I will use the metaphor of sheep in my speech to represent how people flock together much like sheep and simply follow what the majority are doing without question. This metaphoric comparison between human beings and sheep (an animal) will push the audience to look unfavourably upon their conformist actions and sway them to make individual choices. My speech supports the prompt (we conform to stereotypes and expectations far more than we think) by showing the ways in which we conform to societal expectations with no questioning as to why, we simply just do it. My speech takes the prompt and presents the idea that social norms, stereotypes and expectations have a immense impact on identity formation and shows the ways in which we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals.

A Comparison Of Night Walker And Roselily Essays - Fiction

A Comparison Of Night Walker And Roselily Essays - Fiction A Comparison of Night Walker and Roselily Brent Staples' Night Walker and Alice Walker's Roselily both present a glimpse into the world view of African-American culture through human characters set in ironic situations. The tone of Roselily is one of sardonic condemnation, whereas the tone of Night Walker is one of melancholy and anger in the face of alienation. Both deal with victimization, Night Walker's being derived from being mistaken for a criminal, and Roselily's dealing with the confines of a traditional marriage and the anxieties which result. Walker and Staples' stories hold an unusual irony as the perceived innocent are victims, and the perceived aggressors are the persecuted. Walker makes use of many descriptive images from the young woman who begins, "...dragging herself across the world."(P 335) to the "...crush of well-wishing people..." Each paragraph is anchored to the marriage by a preceding verse from a traditional marriage ceremony. Staples' descriptive images, though more contemporary in time, rely upon heavy contrast to sharply underscore his points. For instance describing, "...a relatively affluent neighborhood in an otherwise mean, impoverished section of Chicago." Morgan Glines English AP April 12, 1997

Stat assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stat assigment - Assignment Example It will help in their search for cereal with desired calories. If the desired calorie is close to the statistical mean, it will be easier to find a brand; however if the desired calorie, for example, two standard deviation away from the statistical mean, it would take more time. The search time will depend on the shape of the frequency distribution of calories of cereal population. The task will present data in the form of charts and graphs, determine central tendency of collected data, calculate dispersion through standard deviation, and define skewness of sample data. The title of the project is Statistical Evaluation of Calories from Breakfast Cereals. The aims of the task are to collect a sample from a population of breakfast cereals available in the market and conduct a statistical evaluation of calories. The data of each sample represents the published calorie value of 100 grams of breakfast cereals. The frame is the published calorie values, and the sample size for this study is 30. Sample size is calculated based on literature review for determining the sample size based of known population. The formula is (â€Å"Sample Size Calculator†), Sample size for finite population = sample size / (1 + ((sample size - 1)/population)). The concept of data in statistics implies variables and its values. Variables are names, such as; age, height, salary, temperature, gender, hair color, field of study, degree of satisfaction. In statistics variables can be quantitative and categorical. Selection of quantitative or categorical variables depends on the research type that one intends to carry. Each variable possesses some values; gender variable contains only male and female values while, for example, temperature variable may contain any numerical value. Variables and values together are called data. In statistical research data are classified as quantitative and qualitative. Some research needs quantitative data, and

Reflection on social media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on social media - Essay Example The cons of social media use in my organization mainly include the tendency of workers to use the office time for personal tasks e.g. blogging and chatting rather than for work leading to reduced productivity of workers, increased susceptibility to release of secret information or strategic plans to external entities, occasional experience of difficulty in using personal USB devices at the workplace, chances of distorted relations among peers or with bosses because of non-acceptance of friends requests or adjustments of the personal profile settings, and increased awareness about the ongoing changes and happenings in the personal and social lives of the workers occasionally leading to doubts and curiosity. Since use of social media is a very important element of work in my organization, management assumes huge responsibility of training the workers in the use of social media to ensure that the policies are complied with. My organization achieves this by introducing the new employees to the policy of our hospital on the use of the Internet as well as social media within the very first week of the commencement of service. In addition to that, every year, employees of the Department of Defense and military conduct a mandatory online class on the hospital’s policies on media and the Internet. These measures have helped create awareness regarding the organizational policies on the use of social media among the organizational personnel. Management ensures compliance with these policies on the part of the workers by holding the violators accountable for the violations of the policies and imposing fines upon them. Because of this, violation of policies at my organization happens very r arely and the system is

The Differences Between Romanticism and Neoclassicism Essay

The Differences Between Romanticism and Neoclassicism - Essay Example This essay stresses that Neoclassicism in the arts, as the name indicates, is inclined on reverting to Hellenistic art styles characterized by symmetry; calmness and stillness; importance of social and political concerns; discipline and control; conformity and rationality. This art movement was the result of the renewed interest and the sense of giving importance to classical art. These characteristics and the definition of Romanticism and Neoclassicism classify the major differences between the two art movements. These differences substantiate that these art movements are conflicting during the time these two art styles emerged in the art scene. Neoclassicism imposes restraint and conformity while Romanticism breaks free from the constraints of tradition and promoted freedom in conveying personal views and emotions. Moreover, Neoclassicism was rearing towards the society and its concerns such as politics while Romanticism favors idiosyncrasy. According to the discussion the differences of Romanticism and Neoclassicism is evident in the works of Romantic painter Eugene Delacroix and Neoclassical painter Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres particularly their portrait of violinist Niccolo Paganini. Ingres’ depiction of Paganini shows the violinist in a very formal and stiff pose, which is very much opposite to Delacroix’s portrayal of the violinist showing Paganini while playing the violin. The striking contrasts between Ingres’ Paganini and Delacroix’s version clearly differentiates the two art styles and best represents the artworks of the two art movements. These opposing two art movements resulted from the events during that period and compelled by some prominent figures in the society and discoveries in well-known places at that time. Influences manifest in the works of artists belonging to Romanticism and Neoclassicism.

Domestic Violence in Society | Research

Domestic Violence in Society | Research INTRODUCTION The domestic violence is customary in our society. It has varying manifestations in the society along with the causes which give rise to the domestic violence. Domestic violence in any form, is detrimental for the family and hence society. It has hostile bearings upon the lives of people, children, women and adolescents which result stirring space by disturbing social relationships. Domestic violence with enduring impacts can affect the healthy growth of the society. The main concern of this study is to determine the domestic violence in the society. Education and health of a woman are major concerns towards a healthy growth of the family and society. In our society where patriarchal patterns are followed and women has been given a subordinate place. The low education level and conventional thinking result into domestic violence. Domestic violence has had been faced by women from all walks of life, ethnic groups, social classes, races, religious groups and also in developed and devel oping countries. We have analyzed the domestic violence in rural and urban areas of Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir. We determined causes of domestic violence; the major thing in this research is the use of severity index model to measure the level of physical and psychological severity of domestic violence. Domestic Violence Family violence also called domestic violence; the domestic violence is an act of violence between family members, the adult partners, the partners against elders and siblings. The domestic violence manifested in any form is harmful and it has worst impacts to the parties whether inmate partner or other members and hence the siblings. â€Å"Intimate partner violence is a pattern of purposeful coercive behaviours that may include inflicted physical injury, psychological abuse, sexual assault, progressive social isolation, stalking, deprivation, intimidation and threats. These behaviours are perpetrated by someone who is, was or wishes to be involved in an intimate or dating relationship with an adult or adolescent victim and are aimed at establishing control of one partner over the other† The specific definition of domestic violence includes threats, restricted freedom, and sexual, physical and psychological abuses. It is evident that psychological and physical violence can have developmental and behavioural impacts. It is important to cure the impacts of domestic violence psychologically (Family Violence Prevention Fund, 1999). †Domestic violence, also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, battering, family violence, and intimate partner violence, is defined as a pattern of abusive behaviors by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation† (Shipway, 2004). The domestic violence is: the inflicting of physical injury by one family or household member on another; also: a repeated / habitual pattern of such behavior† (Meriem Webster, 2011) â€Å"There is acknowledgment that many victims are not actually married to the abuser, but rather cohabiting or in other arrangements† (Waits and Kathleen, 1985). Violence customarily takes three general forms, physical, sexual and psychological. Physical Abuse includes grabbing and pushing, serious acts of choking, beating and an assault with weapon (Sarah, et al. 2000). â€Å"Domestic violence is an abuse of power. It is the domination, coercion, intimidation and victimization of one person by another by physical, sexual or emotional means within intimate relationships† (Kelsey, et al. 2000). The behavior of sons and in-laws towards the violence is essential to note that women are beaten by their sons, parents and in-laws (Iqbal, 1990). World Health Organization in 2005 conducted a multi-country study on domestic violence which showed that 15% women faced physical violence whereas 71% faced sexual violence by their inmate partners. Among the countries 20% and 75% of women had been victim of emotional abuse for last one year (Garcia, et al. 2006). The young women are often taken from Bangladesh, Thailand in order to serve as domestic servants in the homes of wealthy people. They are desecrated, demoralized and battered physically and sexually (Collective, 1990). Majlis-e-Khawateen is fundamentalist women group established by government to oblige the women and women rights (Mumtaz and Shaheed, 1987). The South-East Asia region is known for patriarchal tradition. The women face social, economic and cultural deterrents. There are certain traditions and norms, which are followed and the law enforcement agencies cannot influence to combat the violence. On the other hand, these agencies are also found involved in rape, acid attacks, and other forms of abuses. For past few decades the women materialized globally against the domestic violence and made their efforts to contribute and condensed the male dominance at home and in the country (Khan, et al. 1990). The women from all social classes, races, ethnicities, religious groups, developed and developing countries and of any age have been victim of violence. It is obvious that violence is generally described in family of domestic realm. The term domestic means violence by inmate partner and by family members. It is mostly revealed as physical, sexual, psychological and emotional. The domestic violence in developing and developed countries generally ranges from 15-17 percent (WHO, 2005). Domestic violence or battering women, maltreated utterly either physically or psychologically twice by a husband for having subtle relations. If the above definition is assumed for domestic violence then all wives do face abuses at some stages after marriage. Later abused women were described as â€Å"subjected to intense criticism, put downs, verbal harassment, sexual coercion and assault, physical attacks and intimidation, restrain of normal activities, freedom and denial of access to resources† (Walker, 1985). Violence include forced marriages, rape and domestic violence which are serious problems faced by a women. The physical and psychological abuses reported by over 85% women in Pakistan. The honor killing cases are also at large and Human Right Commission of Pakistan reported in 2008 that 1019 women have been victim of honor killing and in 2005, 10,000 lives were lost.[1] The status of women contrasts in all walks of life and in demography as well. It has diverse arrays of norms and traditions and their sways. The women working as pilots whereas some still buried alive in tribal areas in the patriarchal society. On other hand women are used as a sex object by media and portrayal on billboards can be seen universally. The women in some parts of Pakistan are restituted for their basic rights. They are not provided identical opportunities for what they deserve. The World Economic Forum placed Pakistan at 56 among the 58 countries which show the highest gender gap among the countries. The extremism has been considered a hindrance in the women development.[2] The states sign a treaty with international human rights as an obligation to gauge the domestic violence and to take measures to control it. It is found as a duty in American deceleration on the rights and duties of man. The UN committee on elimination of racial discrimination endorse that the domestic violence is human rights violation and states are obliged to protect and provide access to justice for victims without any discrimination and additional barriers (Libal Parekh, 2009). The UN failed to respond the domestic violence properly and the states have also failed in addressing the domestic violence adequately. Some countries still don’t have appropriate laws which could protect victims and punish the batterers. Only 89 countries have legislation against domestic violence (Murray, 2008). In developed and developing countries, domestic violence has been a public health issue and has considerable importance (Watts and Zimmerman, 2002, Heise, Raikes, Watts, et al. 1994, WHO, 1997, Kapoor, 2000). In Bradford UK, a study was conducted among Muslim men and women and it was concluded that men use Islam as a source of domestic violence whereas women use Islam as a ladder to gain strength and a way of negotiation for the taboos extended by partners (Macey, 1999). Domestic violence reveals at all levels of society and has varying forms. Recently, it became the concerning area bringing awareness of its commonness and impacts. It ranges from covert to overt acts (Hassan, 1995). In stereotypical society, where wife is considered as sole property of better half and justified it as a private and internal issue of family. This behavior is critical and the wives need endowment of a remedial law. For this in every Tehsil or sub district, government appoints a protection committee of police officers and two women counselors along with a protection officer to hear the aggrieved cases and provide the necessary protection (Rukhsana, 2009). Physical Violence In societies, the main cause which is considered to be a source of domestic violence is the present social structure, women are physically violated by men and men do justify violence against women where the women ultimately give in. Violence is not a common thing to explain (Gelles, 1979). Violence depends upon the man’s education, if there is lower level of education then there will be violence and men justify physical violence to their spouses (Haj, 1998). The women are considered the weaker section of the society and also poorer in status as to men and have been a victim of violence due to that position. The women do perceive themselves insecure due to violence by an inmate partner. When a person is violated physically and has a sense of insecurity then it has adverse emotional effects on their personalities. The women who leave marriages are taunted by families and societies for being a burden. The women lose their children and there is nothing reciprocal which eventually becomes social stigma. The women are not helped by police and the institutions as well. The dilemma of battered women is considered by police as confidential in case of marital abuse where the counselor advice to be a conventional wife (Hassan, 1995). There is astonishing statistics; the actual level of the issue is undermined by the researchers and experts. All the cases are not conveyed to law enforcement agencies and most of the cases are repressed. The studies are often based on police reports and police manipulates the actual facts and level of violence (Durose, 2005). All Muslim societies are critiqued for human rights violation and also for women rights. There are many reports on domestic violence in Pakistani media but the two published studies describe that 150 women were asked about health care facilities in Karachi, 34% of women faced physical abuse and it shows association with domestic violence whereas 43% of male respondents justified the violence when a wife used contraceptive without her husband’s consent (Bawah, et al. 1999). Psychological Violence A person who is abused by her partner is called a victim. A battered wife with typical personality is restraint, nervous with low self-confidence. The women mostly come from restricted and conventional environment where men and women are traditional and victimized (Niaz, 1995). Psychological abuse is fundamentally a systematic attempt to distort one’s thinking and behaviour. Psychological violence includes certain behaviours like seclusion, persuaded incapacity, extreme jealousy and threats (Stordeur, et al. 1989). Human Rights Watch reports in â€Å"Crime and Custom† that domestic violence is not a casual it is rather structural. It is stated that structure of family has some doings, motions and phenomenon which are the causes of domestic violence usually. This hallucination of structure is conceptualized by the society that rejects the discrimination of male and female and brings them to the equal level of the social ladder. It can be operationalized as soon as possible with the vigorous input of the NGO’s, government departments and civil society. Now, the time is to concentrate on this issue to protect the upcoming generation in Pakistan (Khan, n.d). WHO in 2005 conducted a multi-country study and concluded the high ratio of abuse. The violence against women by partner has been a main cause in health concerns. Women are at greater risk at home than anywhere else (Garcia, et al. 2005). Varying forms of violence exist in our county. Women are snubbed, disregarded and even found intolerable by a large section of society (Report of the Commission of Inquiry for Women: Pakistan, 1997). Domestic violence is one of the most pervasive human rights violations across the globe. Estimates are that one-third of the world’s women will endure an abusive relationship (UN Commission on the Status of Women, 2000). Abusive relationships formed by many factors which cover the battering phenomenon. The status of women became inferior when mistrust develops in environs. Domestic violence can be a result of stress and strains of family. The abuser and victim can have some features which give rise to abusive relationships (Mintz, et al. 1997). Variables The variables are as given below: Dependent Variables/ Demographic Variables Education of respondent Education of husband of respondent Education of in-laws No of children Sex of children How the respondent is married Family system Marriage type Social status of husband Residence of respondents Independent Variables The independent variables are categorized into physical and psychological to analyze the severity of the domestic violence as given below: Severity of Physical Violence Kick the partner Slap the partner Throw objects at partner Grabbing the hairs of partner Severity of Psychological Violence Taunt the partner Insult the partner Curse the partner Curse to partner’s parents Quarrel on financial matters by partner Relations of partner with other women Harm belongings of partner Permission of partner to see the parents Fulfilment of Needs by partner Monitoring of time by the partner In-laws taunt to partner Provision of decision making by partner The above mentioned variables are analyzed to find out the severity of the domestic violence in the urban and rural areas of Muzaffarabad. Rational of the Study The domestic violence is known as inmate partner violence and forcible behaviors that may include abuses, imposing behavior, the physical injuries, psychological abuse, sexual assault, social exclusion, depravation and threats. The use of power by inmate partners to their spouses. The patriarchal trends prevalent in the society justify the violence. The purpose of this study is to know the extent of domestic violence, its forms, causes and Severity Index Model is used to know the level of physical and psychological violence prevalent in the society. This research work is helpful for Government organizations, NGO’s, researchers and students to formulate the policies, conduct further research and initiate the programs regarding the mitigation of domestic violence. [1]  http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/editorial/honour-killingspolice-240 [2](source: www.riazhaq.com/2009/03/status-of-women-in-pakistan.html ) Strategies of Privacy: Managing Constant Query Evaluation Strategies of Privacy: Managing Constant Query Evaluation STRATEGIES OF PRIVACY FOR MANAGING CONSTANT EVALUATION OF QUERIES ABSTRACT: The problems of data confidentiality are fetching more and more significant and not easy to handle. While preserving database confidentiality or else privacy of the individuals concerned, we require assuring that database makes available as informative answers to needy. The design as well as functioning of a database would be constructed in an approach that will permit users to get hold of and analyze information from a database devoid of allowing its users to access subjects’ confidential information. Our advancement towards data protection difficulty is based on provisions of what users are not authorized to access all the way through query answers, which is relatively normal. When a user poses a query towards database, system practically update various attribute values on basis of confidentiality views connected to that user. Null values as well as imperfect databases have received concentration of database community and might have quite a lot of possible interpretations. T he semantics of null-based virtual updates in support of data privacy that we make available is model-theoretic, in sense that probable permissible instances subsequent to the update, so-called secrecy instances, are distinct and considered. Keywords: Data confidentiality, Attribute values, Database, Null value, Views. 1. INTRODUCTION: In the present days, level of constantly evolving database as well as internet technology has facilitated collection and mining concerning data, plus utilization of that data on a level that was earlier incredible. There is a basic trade-off among functionality of database or else a database management system as well as level of privacy specified to the subjects of database. While there are numerous benefits to advancements in database management system technology, its initiation has also formed likelihood for noteworthy abuses. The design as well as functioning of a database would be constructed in an approach that will permit users to get hold of and analyze information from a database devoid of allowing its users to access subjects’ confidential information. Several recent papers approach data confidentiality as well as access control on basis of authorization views. View-based data privacy generally approaches difficulty by specifying which views a user is authorized to ac cess. If no complete rewriting is probable, the query is discarded. Our advancement towards data protection difficulty is based on provisions of what users are not authorized to access all the way through query answers, which is relatively normal. In accordance with our approach, the information to be sheltered is confirmed as a secrecy view, or else a collection of them. Their extensions have to be reserved undisclosed. Each user or else class of them might have connected a set of confidentiality views. We want our approach to be appropriate to, and implementable on, database management system that conform to SQL Standard, and are employed in database practice. We focus on that situation and SQL nulls, leaving for potential future work the essential modifications for our approach to effort with previous kinds of null values. When a user poses a query towards database, system practically update various attribute values on basis of confidentiality views connected to that user. Data o wners typically contain a clearer picture of data that are responsive rather than concerning data that can be openly released. Dealing with problem as the complement of problem formulated in terms of permission views is not normal, and not unavoidably easy, as complements of database views would be concerned. 2. METHODOLOGY: Database management systems permit for enormous storage of data, which can be resourcefully accessed as well as manipulated. The problems of data confidentiality are fetching more and more significant and not easy to handle. Sensitive, confidential as well as critical information is frequently kept in databases. To defend this information from being contacted by third-parties devoid of clearance, companies as well as organizations have to be industrious concerning data protection. While preserving database confidentiality or else privacy of the individuals concerned, we require assuring that database makes available as informative answers to needy. We consider updates that amend attribute values all the way through null values, which are generally used to stand for omitted or else unidentified values in incomplete databases. As a result, in each of resulting updated instances, the expansion of each of secrecy views moreover turn out to be empty or else contain a single tuple showing simply null values. Either way, we state that secrecy view turn out to be null subsequently, original query is posed towards resulting class of updated instance which amounts to: Posing query towards each instance in class; answering it as normal from each of them; collecting answers that are pooled by all instances within class. The system will return answer towards query that does not make known the secret data. Null values as well as imperfect databases have received concentration of database community and might have quite a lot of possible interpretations. Figure1: An overview of building of Query Evaluation 3. APPROACH TOWARDS DATA PRIVACY: Our advancement towards data protection difficulty is based on provisions of what users are not authorized to access all the way through query answers, which is relatively normal. In accordance with our approach, the information to be sheltered is confirmed as a secrecy view, or else a collection of them. Figure1 illustrates common architecture employed in query evaluation. Dealing with problem as the complement of problem formulated in terms of permission views is not normal, and not unavoidably easy, as complements of database views would be concerned. We want our approach to be appropriate to, and implementable on, database management system that conform to SQL Standard, and are employed in database practice. We focus on that situation and SQL nulls, leaving for potential future work the essential modifications for our approach to effort with previous kinds of null values. As the SQL standard does not make available a precise, recognized semantics for NULL, we define and approve a formal, logical rebuilding of conjunctive query answering under SQL nulls. Dealing with problem as the complement of problem formulated in terms of permission views is not normal, and not unavoidably easy, as complements of database views would be concerned. We set up unary predicates Is Null as well as Is Not Null in logical formulas that are accurate only when argument is, resp. is not, constant NULL. This treatment concerning null values was outlined, but we build it precise. It captures logics along with semantics of the SQL NULL that are applicable for our effort. These aspects of nulls are essential to make available essential scientific foundations for our approach towards confidentiality. The semantics of null-based virtual updates in support of data privacy that we make available is model-theoretic, in sense that probable permissible instances subsequent to the update, so-called secrecy instances, are distinct and considered. This definition capture requirement that, on a confidentiality occurrence, extensions of secrecy views hold only a tuple by means of null values or else turn out to be empty. The secrecy instance does not head off from unique instance by more than essential to put into effect secrecy. 4. CONCLUSION: While there are numerous benefits to advancements in database management system technology, its initiation has also formed likelihood for noteworthy abuses. Several recent papers approach data confidentiality as well as access control on basis of authorization views. There is a basic trade-off among functionality of database or else a database management system as well as level of privacy specified to the subjects of database. To defend this information from being contacted by third-parties devoid of clearance, companies as well as organizations have to be industrious concerning data protection. Our advancement towards data protection difficulty is based on provisions of what users are not authorized to access all the way through query answers, which is relatively normal. In accordance with our approach, the information to be sheltered is confirmed as a secrecy view, or else a collection of them. We consider updates that amend attribute values all the way through null values, which a re generally used to stand for omitted or else unidentified values in incomplete databases. As a result, in each of resulting updated instances, the expansion of each of secrecy views moreover turn out to be empty or else contain a single tuple showing simply null values. Null values as well as imperfect databases have received concentration of database community and might have quite a lot of possible interpretations. As the SQL standard does not make available a precise, recognized semantics for NULL, we define and approve a formal, logical rebuilding of conjunctive query answering under SQL nulls.

Information about Financial Aid Essay -- essays research papers

Financial Aid Financial aid is money in the form of loans, grants and employment that is available to a student to help pay the cost of attending. Financial aid comes from the federal government, which is the largest provider of aid, as well as state government, the school and a variety of other public and private sources. If you think your educational expenses are more than you and your family can afford, you should apply for financial aid using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). You will need to apply for financial aid every year by completing a FAFSA. The FAFSA includes all the information necessary to determine your eligibility and must be completed if you want to be considered for any of the federal programs sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education. The FAFSA is available in two formats: paper and electronic. If you complete a paper FAFSA, you will mail it directly to the application processor listed on the FAFSA. Or you can apply online at www.fafsa.ed.gov and list school code will receive your processed information. You should apply for financial aid (for the upcoming academic year beginning in August) as soon after January 1 as possible. Many financial aid programs have limited funding, therefore early application is recommended. Application should be completed at least one month prior to the semester you are planning to attend. If you apply for funding late, you will receive your funding late. Financial Aid Eligibility To be considered for financial aid you must: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  be enrolled as a degree- or certificate-seeking student. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  be a U.S. citizen or a permanent citizen of the United States. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  have a valid social security number. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  register with Selective Service (if required). †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  make satisfactory academic progress (successfully complete courses with grade of A, B, C, D or P at least 66% of the hours attempted each term with a cumulative GPA of 2.0 or above.) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  demonstrate an ability to benefit (see below). The following are the different types of Financial Aid available: GRANTS - funds that do not have to be paid back. Grants offered at: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pell Grants - Federal Pell Grants are available only to undergraduates with no prior b... ...fore, must demonstrate one of the following ATB requirements: 1. High school transcript showing graduation, or 2. General Education Development (GED) certificate, or 3. COMPASS test with a minimum score of 25 on Pre-Algebra/Numerical, 62 on Reading, and 32 on Writing, all completed in one test session, or 4. College transcript with 60 or more transfer hours. Return of Title IV Aid (formerly called Refund/Repayment) The Federal Government has set guidelines concerning students who receive Title IV Aid and completely withdraw from school or stop attending courses. Any student making a complete withdrawal or that stops attending their classes who received a Federal Pell Grant, SEOG, Subsidized Stafford Loan, Unsubsidized Stafford Loan or a Parent (PLUS) Loan, will be required to pay back money to the school immediately if they drop out or stop attending courses before 60% of the semester has been finished. After the calculations are figured, the Financial Aid Office will notify any student that might owe money back to the Federal Government. Your Financial Aid Satisfactory Academic Progress status will also be evaluated at the end of the semester and you will be notified accordingly